Substance Abuse and Depression - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 821 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Depression Essay Did you like this example? Emotions like sorrow and hopelessness are a normal part of the universal human experience. There are many cases in which young adults develop depression at a young age, and depression can come in many different forms, such as feelings/emotions and/or actions. Its normal to feel stressed or overwhelmed, but it sometimes leads people to do things that arent right. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Substance Abuse and Depression" essay for you Create order What are the impacts of depression and what consequences does it lead to? The impact depression has on individuals is they feel hopeless and even worthless. When people go through terrible scenarios in their lives, for example, losing a loved one, they feel like they dont have a purpose in life. The signs of depression are often unnoticed, but sometimes people start noticing changes in the affected people. The signs are lack of communication, not wanting to engage with others, and not participating in daily activities. Depression also contributes to students not doing well in school and poor attendance (Counseling Psychological Services). Its difficult for some young adults to focus on schoolwork and do well because they think they arent capable enough. Having family problems can also lead to depression. Divorce, drugs and alcohol, deportation, and abuse are some of the major causes of depression. Depression has many consequences, including leading to self harm. Often times self harm is referred to as a mental illness. Researchers say, individuals use methods like cutting themselves with a knife, pull hair out, and pick at wounds to prevent healing (NAMI). Another way depression leads to self harm is stated, eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness.(ANAD). Eating disorders are categorized as self harm because, individuals are harming themselves by not giving the body the nutrients it needs in order to survive. One of the common facts that supports that is also the body image, how the person feels about themselves. Sometimes individuals will substitute meals for eating ice or simply not eat at all. Furthermore eating disorders also leads to weight loss, most of the time this means the individual is unhealthy and are trying to lose weight perilously. Depre ssion can affect individuals way of eating, for example eating at a fast rate, eating way too much, not knowing their limit, or forced vomiting after eating. Studies say people feeling depressed abuse the alcohol and drug use to change their mood, not feel guilt, and or despair (PSYCOM). Due to this common factor that depression leads to is also a big part of self harm. The usage of drugs can be a relief for most individuals, when dealing with depression. When depression is playing a big role in someones life they need to find the best way out in order to not feel that way anymore. For most people the usage of drugs help them maintain the same effect constantly. Therefore the drug and alcohol addictions individuals have arent addictions anymore, they are often mostly referred as use disorders(PSYCOM). The ultimate consequence depression has on individuals is committing suicide or having suicidal thoughts. Studies say, with an estimate that up to 60 percent of people who commit suicide have major depression. (verywellmind) Most times the affected people dont say whats going on in their life, they also many be lost in their own thoughts that may lead to overthinking serval things. Cases that have been shown about individuals that have the mindset of suicide have shown: mood swings that are drastic, risky behaviors or aggressiveness, and deep depression that affects their daily behavior. Suicide has been the biggest type of self- harm people to do to themselves due to depression, also due to non- treatable methods. Despite being given a diagnosis of depression, it is often hard to treat and uncontrollable at times. Depression has many impacts and consequences on peoples life. In addition to the impacts that depression has on individuals, the symptoms or signs can go many ways because everyone reacts differently to depression. Depression can lead to feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness, as well as drug or other substance abuse, and self harm including suicide. Although depression has many impacts and consequences, people should be able to treat it the right way and give more attention to those affected with depression. Works Cited Depression. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2018. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3010999281/OVIC?u=forestgrsid=OVICxid=06668022. Accessed 26 Nov. 2018. Time Management and Procrastination, caps.ucsc.edu/resources/depression.html. NAMI. NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness, www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions/Related-Conditions/Self-harm. Eating Disorder Statistics National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, www.anad.org/education-and-awareness/about-eating-disorders/eating-disorders-statistics/. Substance Abuse and Depression: A Dangerous Downward-Spiral. PsyCom.net Mental Health Treatment Resource Since 1986, www.psycom.net/depression-substance-abuse. Holmes, Leonard. Has the Rate of Suicide in the U.S. Risen? Verywell Mind, Dotdash, www.verywellmind.com/suicide-rates-overstated-in-people-with-depression-2330503.

The Last Report On The Miracles At Little No Horse Essay

In the novel The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse by Louise Erdrich, the main character, Agnes, goes through many transformations throughout the course of the novel, be that spiritual, gendered, or in the basis of identity. Agnes’s identity, both as a female and as Father Damien, is an imperfect example of syncretism, as they appear at certain times as two distinct individuals, and at others, the individual identities are indiscernible. Syncretism is a term related to the concept of hybridity, and is defined as â€Å"†¦the fusion of two distinct traditions to produce a new and distinctive whole (Ashcroft).† In this case, syncretism is being examined in the context of the combination of Agnes’s gendered identities to form one new person, distinct from what it began as. To fully become Agnes, at the beginning of the novel, the main character strips her identity as Sister Cecilia. He past experiences in some way influence her opinions and actions , but she no longer identifies as Sister Cecilia as a person. Agnes’s transformation into Father Damien is drastically different. In adopting his identity as her own, Agnes retains her feminine, drawing on both individuals at separate times when the situation calls for it, and retains both identities until right before her death. There are times during the novel when, if not for the gendered pronouns used by the author, it would be impossible to distinguish which identity has taken control, thus alluding to a single, newShow MoreRelatedThe Last Report On Miracles At The Little No Horse1065 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own. Most interestingly, identity is a controlling factor in motivating one’s behavior and actions. A common thread in shaping identity across all cultures is the role of spiritual tradition. Through the characters in The Last Report on Miracles at the Little No Horse, Louise Erdrich confronts individual and communal responses to that reality. Since tradit ion is symbolic, not material, one can not physically hold on to their tradition. In other words, an individual makes the conscious decisionRead MoreThe Last Report On The Miracles At Little No Horse2065 Words   |  9 PagesNovels and plays are two different forms of literature that are both capable of delivering similar messages. A novel is a type of literature that is meant to be read and excite the imagination as is shown in the novel â€Å"The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse.† On the other hand, a play is another form of literature that is meant to be acted and is based on conversations as is displayed in the play â€Å"fareWel.† Although both of these forms are uniquely different, they both are connected byRead MoreLast Report on the Miracles of Little No Horse Essay2005 Words   |  9 PagesLast Report On The Miracles Of No Horse: A Review of the Literature The focal character in this novel had many different characters throughout this touching narrative. Though the main focus was on the priest, Father Damien Modeste, he began and was actually a woman. Beginning as a young girl, Agnes Vogel nà ©e DeWitt, was also known as former Sister Cecilia of a convent in Wisconsin, widow of Berndt Vogel and lover of the piano and, more specifically, the Polish music composer, Chopin. I amRead MoreMy New Perception Of The World And Gender Studies Class Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagesmathematicians and scientists and other â€Å"bread winning† professions. Examples of these gender roles and systems of oppression can be seen in nearly all of the novels that we read. Beginning the first novel of this semester, The Last Report on the Miracle at Little No Horse, Agnes who later becomes Father Damien Modeste lives her life with both gender roles and society expectations. The novel begins with her as a nun which is the epitome of the â€Å"ide al woman† a devout virgin, modest in clothing, andRead MoreThe Miracles At Little No Horse2478 Words   |  10 PagesLong ago, huge puffy white clouds glided across the vast bodies of water surrounding the land of the Native Americans. The tribes were thrilled yet shocked at the same time to see them. Little did the natives of America know that these harmless looking fluffy clouds were actually huge vessels filled with their descending doom. Western civilization took hold quickly on Native Americans and had disastrous effects on a majority of them. Some native individuals resented the colonization and fought backRead MoreEssay on A Horse and Two Goats: Detailed Summary7459 Words   |  30 PagesA Horse and Two Goats Detailed Summary A Horse and Two Goats is the story of a comical and fateful meeting between two men, neither of who speak each others language. Muni and his wife live in poverty in a remote village in India called Kritam. In his prosperous days, before pestilence took most of his cattle, Muni had 40 sheep and goats. Now, in his old age, Muni has just two goats. His usual daily routine is to take the goats to graze two miles from his home, alongside the highway, atRead More The American Education System Essay2534 Words   |  11 Pagesthe future. However, these cries for reform are so demanding that many times the reforms created to please the people are pushed through so fast that consequences are never completely considered. These latest cries for reform came after the annual report by Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) was released in December 2010 stating that 15-year-old American students ranked average in mathematics, reading, writing, and science (Duncan, 2010). â€Å"Average† might not be much of an alarm toRead More francis of assisi Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pageslife, poverty, and humilit y before God. He worked to care for the poor. Thousands were drawn to his sincerity, piety, and joy. In all his actions, Francis sought to follow fully and literally the way of life demonstrated by Christ in the Gospels. My report is going to discuss the life and contributions of St. Francis of Assisi. Francis of Assisi lived about eight hundred years ago. He was born in the city of Assisi, Italy, in 1182. He was the son of Peter Bernardone (A wealthy merchant) and MadonnaRead MoreLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 5 Notes Essay examples11938 Words   |  48 Pagesand Jesus was in the temple area walking in Solomon’s Colonnade. The Jews gathered around him, saying, ‘How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly.’ Jesus answered, ‘I did tell you, but you do not believe. The miracles I do in my Father’s name speak for me, but you do not believe because you are not my sheep. My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my handRead MoreEssay on The Global Threat of Malicious Code6210 Words   |  25 Pagesinfecting all vulnerable hosts. A Trojan horse is a program containing hidden code allowing the unauthor ized collection, falsification, or destruction of information. 1 The term Trojan horse comes from Greek mythology. During the battle for the city of Troy, the attacking Greeks struggled to find a weakness in the citys defenses. So they built a large horse and presented it to the Trojans as a gift, which the Trojans accepted. Hidden inside the gigantic horse was a small army of Greek soldiers. During

How Alcohol May Affect Human Behaviour Essay Example For Students

How Alcohol May Affect Human Behaviour Essay How Alcohol May Affect Human Behaviour4. A young man started behaving in an aggressive and abusive manner after hehad a number of alcoholic drinks at a party. The next day he was behaving quitenormally and was quite concerned when shown a video of his behaviour theprevious night. Explain how alcohol may affect human behaviour. Some Facts(1)Australian industry loses more than one billion dollars a year because ofsickness caused by alcohol. Alcohol plays a part in more than 50% of serious crimes in Australia. Inviolent crimes it plays an even bigger part: more than 75% of them are linked toalcohol. About half of the people killed in road accidents are killed becausesomebody has drunk to much. Effects of alcohol on human behaviourFrom the above facts it is clear that alcohol has a major impact on the lives ofAustralians. This is particularly more so because it is not illegal and becauseit is so widely used. The effects of alcohol on a individuals body vary according to: (2)with the amount consumed. the way the alcohol is taken. the individuals body (size weight, health). the individuals experience. the individuals mood. the circumstance in which alcohol is consumed (with food, in a socialgathering, with other drugs etc.)The immediate effects of alcohol on an individual varies but can produce a widerange of effects including: (2)Loss of inhibitions. Flushing and dizziness. General impairment of brain and nervous system functions. General loss of co-ordination. Impairment of motor (movement) skills. Staggering. Slow reactions. Blurred vision and slurred speech. Aggression. General impairment of senses (e.g. touch, sight, speech, etc.)Vomiting. Unconsciousness. Children and young people are usually more affected by alcohol than adults. Thisis because of their lower body weight and lack of tolerance. The disturbing aspect is that one is not generally aware of these changes. Instead, the individual thinks he/she is behaving more efficiently than normal. In fact, performance is much poorer. In relation to Topic (4) the change in behaviour in the young man at the partyfollowing a number of alcoholic drinks can now be explained. As shown aboveyoung people are generally more affected by alcohol than adults. The loss ofinhibitions and aggressive behaviour can by typical changes after alcoholconsumption. It is not surprising that when shown a video of his behaviour the previous nightthat he was quite concerned about his aggressive behaviour. Again as mentionedpreviously one of the effects of alcohol is that one is unaware of the changestaking place. As the young man was behaving normally the following day he did not have ahangover. A hangover is a bodys reaction to being poisoned by alcohol andpartly the bodys withdrawal.(1) A hangover does not usually follow theconsumption of small amounts of alcohol. Bibliography(1) Drug and Alcohol Services Council, Alcohol, 1990. Information SheetNumber 8, October 1990(2) Commonwealth Department of Health, Alcohol, 1986. The drug offensive, AFederal and state initiative, 1986Outlines of sources consultedDrug and Alcohol Services Council, Alcohol, 1990. Information Sheet Number 8,October 1990 This information sheet provides brief general information onalcohol, its dangers, its effects and use. It also lists problems caused byalcohol to some key body organs. This an informative handout and as such doesnot, and indeed, I believe, should not provide detailed statistics on thematters raised. It is useful that a further information contact point isprovided for further information on this drug. Commonwealth Department of Health, Alcohol, 1986. The drug offensive, AFederal and state initiative, 1986 This is an information sheet arising from theThe Drug Offensive, which is a Federal-funded program. This provides generalinformation about the source of alcohol, some statistics on the drinking habitsof Australians and the interation of this drug with the law and sociaty. Theeffects both intermidate and long term are addressed in some detail. .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c , .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .postImageUrl , .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c , .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:hover , .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:visited , .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:active { border:0!important; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:active , .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac9c29f00be586fe713aa2675fba288c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Korean War Essay PaperConsiderable detail is provided on the definition and calculation of thatperameter. The information sheet concludes with a short Alcohol quiz. Whilstsome of the statistics provided on the alcohol content of some of the drinks isuseful, this detracts from the main message of this newsletter which is aboutthat alcohol is a drug and has dependance and bad effects on society. Inaddition the quiz at the end is unnecessary and makes it unduly long. Gibbons, Boyd, 1992Alcohol. National geographic, Vol 181, No.2 3-35 Thisarticle talks about the effect of alcohol on families, the treatment ofalcoholics, effects of alcohol on the body and mind, the attitudes of alcoholfrom different social backgrounds and stories of alcoholic events/experiences. Many examples

A Model of Strategic Nonprofit Human Resource Management

Question: Analyse and evaluate features of national business environments and identify implications for the management of people. Apply and evaluate a range of theories, concepts and approaches relevant to the management of people in an international context. Answer: Four of us have studied together to prepare an investigation into the contemporary issues in the global Human Resource Management. In the cross-cultural group, we are Indian, American, European and Japanese. We have meet outside the university during playing pool and this has helped us to know each other easily. During this meeting, we have decided that we would prepare an assignment on the contemporary issues in the global human resource management. As all of us are engaged in different tasks in our personal life, we have decided to meet every week in a particular poolside to carry on the task. This meeting has helped us to know one another in a more detailed way and this has helped us to carry on our task easily. All of us have divided the task in several parts and we prepare our task accordingly. After meeting every week, we exchange our thoughts and this has helped to make the entire task easy. After going through several presentation style, we have decided to use Prezi for our presentation, as we have found that this style help to make the entire presentation lively. Based in the topic, we have divided our task and these are as follows. Hasan is responsible to make a detailed study on the role of the state as well as the economic development. Bimbo has looked after the legislation and the social factors that play major roles. John has been responsible to gather information on the international labor market and the fourth member of our team is responsible to gain enough information on the Porters factors condition and the technology. Thus, we have divided our task in several parts and this has helped us to make the entire study comparatively easier. In this regard, we have used a social media, i.e. Facebook as the medium to communicate with each other and get to know about the work process. We have exchanged several useful links to each other, as this has helped us to know the flow of our task. Therefore, it can be said that Facebook has helped us largely, as we cannot meet every day to prepare our task. This popular social media site has helped us to exchange several things over internet. After the preparation of the entire task, we have decided to meet one day and edit the entire Prezi as per the requirement. We all have prepared the Prezi differently, now we all have meet to edit the Prezi and this is one of the important parts of the entire preparation. It can be easily said that we have practiced several times together before preparing the Prezi. As already mentioned, it is our first ever topic on the subject and thus we have prepared the entire task keeping in mind the several conditions. We have found that Bimbo possess some leadership quality among four of us and thus, we have given him the responsibility to arrange the meeting date, venue, time and some other important conditions for the preparation of our task. Though it can be said as the responsibility has been divided into all of us equally, we all have the equal position in the entire process and no one has been given special preference. Therefore, it can be easily said that the entire research is unbiased and this has helped to get a good result of the research work. It has been already mentioned that four of us are from four different cultural groups and this might hampered the entire process. However, we all have significantly managed this conflict position in our group and the cross-culture has not affected us. We have successfully communicated with each other an d in spite of the fact that we meet once a week, it has created no problem to prepare our task. During the conduction of the overall study, we all have understood some basic concepts and this is required to discuss here. We have learnt that the approach and the thoughtful required in the employment of the employees for the international assignments largely differ from the customary recruiting efforts needed in the home country surroundings. Therefore, HR of these types of companies is required to consider cultural differences, regulations as well as the language consideration (Akingbola 2012). On the contrary to this situation, we have found that with the help of internet technology, recruiting process for the international assignments has turned out to be easier, as the HR enjoys the access to the international labor market especially in the field of the candidates for professional management assignments (Banfield and Kay 2012). I have seen that the assortment procedure for the international assignments are required to provide a true picture of life along with work and background towards which the selected workers may be assigned. Insofar, we have gathered a certain level of strong understanding on several dimensions as well as complexities that involve the recruitment and selection process of the staffs for the international assignments. The issue has been ranged from international staffing policies, roles of the global managers, reasons for the international assignment to the actual selection process, best practices in international assignments (Cascio and Boudreau 2010). It has been observed that recruitment process starts with the detailed job specification, analysis of the job, interviews as well as the selection (Castrogiovanni and Kidwell 2010). Moreover, major challenges that have been identified as well as highlighted in this particular text are demographic believes, cultural differences, political factors as well as the economic status of the country where these type of firms are located (Ciay sheng and Shua ming 2012). Therefore, it is clear enough to say that the HR managers of seve ral multinational companies face several challenges in case of selection and recruitment process. The entire task has helped me understand the present trends as well as challenges in the global market of the Human Resource Management. The combined study of four of us has helped us to enrich the study and we have prepared the Prezi likewise to get the best result. References Akingbola, K., 2012. A Model of Strategic Nonprofit Human Resource Management. Voluntas, 24(1), pp.214-240. Banfield, P. and Kay, R., 2012. Introduction to human resource management. New York: Oxford University Press. Cascio, W. and Boudreau, J., 2010. Short introduction to strategic human resource management. Castrogiovanni, G. and Kidwell, R., 2010. Human resource management practices affecting unit managers in franchise networks. Human Resource Management, 49(2), pp.225-239. Ciay sheng, W. and Shua ming, Z., 2012. Organizational learning and the complexity of strategic human resource management. Kybernetes, 41(9), pp.1297-1304.

10 Ways to Speak and Understand Rapid-Fire Italian

10 Ways to Speak and Understand Rapid-Fire Italian It is no secret that Italians speak fast. This is true with both their words and their gestures, so as someone who is learning Italian, how can you keep up with their rapid-fire speech? Here are 10 pieces of advice that have helped me speed up my spoken Italian and understand fast speech. Watch Italian TV The amount of Italian programming that is available to watch online is staggering. YouTube alone offers thousands of episodes of popular shows in Italy if you know what you’re looking for. You can start with an episode from the classic shows Un posto al sole or Il commissario Montalbano or go for something more modern like Alta Infedelt. If you prefer to watch shows with a television, many cable companies offer a special package for Italian programming. Watch a Movie Whether its Roberto Benignis poignant , a neo-realismo film by Roberto Rossellini, or a Federico Fellini fantasy, an Italian language movie is another great way to practice Italian. Youll hear Italian spoken by many different attori and train your ear at the same time. If you’re watching from a computer, you can find many Italian movies on Netflix, like Cinema Paradiso or La tigre e la neve. If you can, avoid the subtitles to give yourself more of a challenge. Read the Lyrics Love Parole, parole by Mina? Look up the testo (lyrics) to the song and sing along. You can also turn it into a translation exercise using dictionaries like Context-Reverso and WordReference. Some classic songs to check out are: Piazza grande - Lucio DallaQuesto piccolo grande amore - Claudio BaglioniMe so’mbriacato - Mannarino Listen to an Audiobook If you love reading books, but you know you need more practice listening, you can combine those two factors by finding an audiobook to listen to in Italian. If you’re not in Italy, these aren’t the easiest to find, but it is possible to find excerpts of your favorite books, like Harry Potter, on YouTube. Listen to Podcasts One of the best ways to make use of tempi morti (dead time) for practicing Italian is by listening to podcasts in your car or while you’re doing a task that doesn’t require much of your attention, like ironing. You can listen to a podcast aimed at students like Al Dente, or you can listen to shows made for native speakers. Check Out Your Library Italian novels, travel guides, and books that describe Italy are excellent ways to enrich your learning experience. Read a parallel-text version (Italian and English side-by-side) of such classics as La Divina Commedia or Machiavellis , or try reading more modern Italian literature from authors like Enzo Biagi, Umberto Eco, Rossana Campo, Susanna Tamaro, or Oriana Fallaci. Investigate Your Neighborhood Close the textbooks, turn off the TV, and go out to find Italian-speaking people or other Italian language students in your own neighborhood. In many large cities there are Italian cultural institutes such as the IIC - Los Angeles, the Istituto Italiano di Cultura - New York, and the Italian Cultural Society - Washington, DC, which have language exchange programs. You can also choose to join an Italian conversation group, often sponsored by bookstores or Italian American societies. You can also find local groups (or start your own!) using Meetup.com. Hire an Italian Attend a group class in person or take one-on-one instruction using a site like VerbalPlanet or Italki. The structure and routine, paired with your independent study, will help you develop a foundation for advancing quickly in the language. This is a great environment for receiving immediate feedback and being able to practice pronunciation, like learning how to roll your rrrs. Expand Your Vocabulary Studies show that one of the biggest reasons language students find it hard to keep up in a foreign language is because their vocabularies aren’t large enough, so as you read books, listen to podcasts, and go to classes, make sure to be constantly compiling and reviewing vocabulary. The key word here is â€Å"review†. Find a tool that uses spaced-time repetition, enter what you learn, and review it on a daily basis. Some available tools are Cram, Memrise, and Anki. Go to Italian-Speaking Places Youve always wanted to visit your grandmothers hometown in Sicily, and you’re ready to venture beyond the travel memoirs that keep you daydreaming during work. When you’re at an intermediate level, traveling to Italy (or any other Italian-speaking area) will be a 360 degree classroom encouraging you to accelerate your learning. Plus, if you not only will you get to see Roman ruins, Renaissance masterpieces, and Raffaellos paintings, but you can also make friends with the locals!

As Nature Made Him the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl

As Nature Made Him the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl Introduction Written by Colapinto, As Nature Made Him: the Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl, scores high in sexuality matters. It talks of one David Reimer, whom after a bungled circumcision and eventual emasculation, lived as a girl; Brenda, until age fifteen. Tackling different issues on sexuality, this book offers the reader the opportunity to think critically, evaluate sexual information contained in it, and postulate future research areas.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on As Nature Made Him: the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Colapinto arouses many questions concerning the popular thought that circumcision makes someone better. Being a journalist, Colapinto highlights sexuality issues from an objective point of view, something that a sexologist would not do. He gives facts about Brenda’s case without bias, something a clinician or a sexologist would find hard to accomplish. He p rovides useful analysis of this aspect of personality by making convincing arguments. Synopsis In 1965, Janet Reimer, wife to Ron Reimer gave birth to twin boys, Bruce and his brother. After eight month, these couple took their babies for mundane circumcision. Unfortunately, Bruce lost his penis to an electric burning machine. This tragedy left Bruce critically damaged such that his parents did not know what to do. Fortunately, one night as they were watching television in 1967, the Reimers saw Dr. Money explaining how successful he had carried out sexual surgery in the past. Dr. Money indicated that he had helped people change their sexuality and their response was compelling. Given the fact that Bruce had lost his penis, Ron observed that it would be better for him to face life as a girl than face manhood as a man minus penis. Therefore, the Reimers contacted Dr. Money for an operation. However, this operation brought more problems than solutions to baby Bruce and the family as th ey were caught in culture wars that prevailed in the 1980s. Brenda grew up a shy and reluctant girl. She never associated with any girlish play things like dolls; no, she found her comfort and joy in trucks, which she shared with her brother. In spite of these growing masculine behaviors, Dr. Money insisted that the Reimers should continue treating Brenda as a girl. Unfortunately, Dr. Money turned out to be a pervert. He would ask Brenda and his brother to play sex; at one point, he asked the Reimers to have sex in front of the children though they refused. Unwittingly, the Reimers continued following Dr. Money’s suggestions; however, the worst was still to come.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emotional and behavioral issues began to arise; Brenda could not go to school with ease; Ron became alcoholic while Janet developed depression problems. Fortunately, at the a ge of thirteen, Brenda started seeing another therapist who convinced the Reimers to explain to Brenda what had really happened. In March 1980, the Reimers explained to Brenda her misfortunes and renamed him David. Analysis As aforementioned, the author of this book provides useful analysis of this aspect of personality. For instance, as the book opens, the author makes it clear that, â€Å"no dialogue or scenes have been invented for the purposes of `narrative flow, atmosphere, or any other quasi-novelistic purpose (Colapinto, 2000, p. ix). This proves the credibility of the analysis given. Most of the information contained in the book came from different psychologists who interacted with Brenda during her childhood and adolescence. Brenda’s family played key role in writing of this book for they offered primary information about Brenda’s case. Therefore, from these grounds, the book is authentic. Colapinto offers useful analysis by using credible sources to write th is book. Bearing in mind that he is not a clinician but a journalist, he involves clinicians to authenticate his claims. For instance, he analyses John Money’s views on pedigrees of sexual individuality development, which differs with the views of Milton Diamond. Colapinto notes that these differences have been a point of contention amongst psychologists and clinicians. By offering this factual analysis concerning this aspect of personality, the author provides the reader with in-depth analysis concerning the same. As aforementioned, this book presents important information about critical thinking and provides rich grounds for exploring the relationship between clinical practice, research, and theory. According to Kaplan (2009), â€Å"the book illuminates the fact that the sociopolitical zeitgeist exerts a tremendous influence not only on how research questions are answered and how those answers translate into policy and practice, but on the very questions that are asked.â⠂¬  Continuing with the analytical element of this book, there emerges critical information about sexuality. For instance, the author points out that Dr. Money vulgarized his â€Å"neutrality-at-birth† hypothesis. According to John Hopkins’ studies, Colapinto notes that, Dr. Money overlooked important issues in concluding that sexuality is acquired, not innate. More sexuality issues arise because of Dr. Money’s beliefs as presented in the book.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on As Nature Made Him: the Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest questions that readers get answer from this book is the question of nature vs. nurture in sexuality matters. Dr. Money popularized the notion that at birth, children are sexually neutral and they could be nurtured to be of any sex. This was contained in Dr. Money’s theory of neutrality-at-birth. This explains w hy the Reimers were quick in trusting this self-proclaimed ‘sex missionary’ with Brenda’s problem. Moreover, this book is strongly analytical given the nature of its elaborate analysis of empirical studies on sexuality, especially Diamond’s studies. Colapinto utilizes â€Å"Concepts such as experimental controls and analogue designs providing students with an excellent framework for understanding the underlying logic of the famous twin study, one method used by researchers to tease out the relative contributions of nature and nurture† (Kaplan, 2009). Hence, this book stands out as a pedagogical tool in different areas of sexuality studies. Concerning the issue of ethics, this book arouses the question of just how and to what extent, should professionals like Dr. Money be involved in growth of inter-sex children. As the book ends, Colapinto talks of Intersex Society of North America, giving its objectives and its future role in society. This informat ion is critical concerning this aspect of sexuality. This book â€Å"provides a wealth of material related to research ethics in a broad sense, including how, when, and where research findings are published in scholarly journals and the manner in which these findings are disseminated to the general public† (Kaplan, 2009). Moreover, readers get to understand that science or research does not take place in vacuity; however, for a publication to be made there has to be a process of reviewing and ascertaining the subject under study. The authors argument is convincing looked at, from two different perspectives. First, the authenticity of the argument evidenced by the extensive consultations of primary sources makes Colapinto’s argument convincing. Secondly, given Colapinto’s nature as a journalist, he makes compelling arguments with well-constructed sentences that bring flow in the story making it enjoyable to read. He describes characters figuratively, something th at makes the reader draw a mental picture of what is happening. For instance, he describes Dr. Money and Diamond as, â€Å"suavely charismatic individual with the long, elegantly cut features of a matinee idol†¦.Diamond is a very objective, reasonable, almost mild-mannered scientist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Colapinto, 2000, p. 18).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is very convincing and it makes Kaplan (2009), to note that, â€Å"it is in Colapintos exploration of Moneys and Diamonds respective characters that As Nature Made Him reads more like a juicy novel than an objective report. John Money†¦a truly chilling figure; unabashed hubris, is matched only by his Machiavellian need for power, control, and recognition.† This journalistic nature of the story makes it convincing and compelling. Nevertheless, few areas can be addressed in future research. For instance, there is need to explore a balanced and accurate understanding of sex research on ethical concerns raised by this book. Conclusion Colapinto explored different issues on sexuality in his book; As Nature Made Him; the Boy Who Lived as a Girl. Bruce suffered a sexual tragedy in the process of circumcision after which he lived as a girl for fifteen years. Dr. Money’s theories coupled with the Reimers gullibility kept Bruce as a baby girl named Brenda for fifteen y ears before telling him the truth. The author provides useful analysis about sexuality by using credible sources and referring to research to expound sexual issues presented in Bruce’s case. Given the fact that, the author is a journalist, he uses compelling language to convince the reader about his arguments. The ethical issues raised by the author of this book offer rich grounds for future research. References List Colapinto, J. (2000). As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl. New York: HarperCollins. Kaplan, B. (2009). As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As A Girl By John  Colapinto. Transgender Mental Health. Retrieved from https://tgmentalhealth.com/.

For psychology class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For psychology class - Essay Example Committing mistakes are a parents’ apprehension since these mistakes, the ones committed by parents in a child’s early childhood days, are allegedly the root of the flaws in a personality in a person. That’s why I support active parenting. These children are blank slates. They wouldn’t know what’s right and wrong, they couldn’t think about the ramifications of their actions. They are basically helpless and they wouldn’t survive in the world without the guidance of adults telling them what to do. This is even instinctual, as animals also teach their offspring the rules of nature through leading by example. Active parenting is a proactive way of parenting. The style is that you participate actively in your child’s life, setting boundaries and rules; punishing and rewarding acts; telling what’s right and wrong. This would set up the child’s early moral values in their young lives and these values would guide them as t hey grow. As adults, they would carry these on, as they grew up with it, making them responsible adults. Thank you for listening and I hope you make a right decision. After all, the goal in being a parent is prepare the younger generation for the future as responsible and mature people.

White-collar crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White-collar crimes - Research Paper Example The entities that have been given the mandate to investigate the occurrence of white-collar crimes include the Securities and Exchange Commissions and the FBI. The most common white-collar crimes include embezzlement, fraud, money laundering, and corporate fraud. It is of increased importance to comprehend the different forms of white-collar crimes so as to understand how they fit in this crime category. Embezzlement is described as misuse of funds while fraud is the misrepresentation of financial investment information. Additionally, money laundering is one of the most serious crimes and is described as giving a legitimate source to funds that have been obtained through means such as embezzlement implying that these crimes can at times be connected. Lastly, corporate fraud can be said to be illegal and dishonest crimes that may be committed by an executive or a company employee mostly dealing with money. This therefore explains how white-collar crimes are not related to violence and that the main individuals committing them are those holding respectable positions and those who have high social status (Gottschalk, 2010). The term white-col lar crime was coined to relate this crime to the individuals who commit it. It is committed by individuals holding the white-collar employment positions. Some of the white-collar crimes are not easy to prosecute due to the difficulties presented by the individuals who committed them with respect to using sophisticated means to hide the traces of their crimes. These crimes cause countries to lose huge sums of money, which is mostly discovered if some of the disbursed funds cannot be accounted for. It can also be suspicious when the sum of money allocated for a specific project is unreasonably high as compared to the size of the project financially. Such suspicions usually lead to white-collar crime investigation and prosecution mostly of the individuals holding the positions

The mirror has two faces Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The mirror has two faces - Movie Review Example The Mirror Has Two Faces is about different views people hold about love,sex,relationships and marriage.The title represents how different insights are seen on the same topicwith the â€Å"mirror† being the topic of love and relationships and the â€Å"two faces† being the different views held by the characters of the movie,mainly Rose and Gregory. A mirror is supposed to be a reflection of the person standing in front of it, and the title of the movie mentions that it has two faces, most probably the person and its reflection, but these faces are not necessarily one and the same person thinking the same thoughts. Hence, the title makes one curious as to what it truly means. The characters’ ideas about sex, love, and marriage: The characters of the movie hold various perspectives on sex, love and marriage. Alex holds romantic views and showers Claire with affection to the point that it suffocates her. To him, he is like a romantic hero. Claire is so bent on using her beauty to attract men but when she gets them, she easily gets tired of them and is searching for another pursuit to keep her excited and interested. Hannah is kind of self-obsessed that to her, love should center on her own happiness and should boost her self-esteem. Henry is more down to earth and is a sounding board to Gregory’s ideas on love and sex and has a more grounded belief that a balance should be struck in order for a relationship to work, although he himself dates younger women not for their intelligence but mostly for their physical appeal. The central characters of Rose and Gregory provide the conflict in the story. For Rose, a romantic relationship should be fueled by passion and romance to support the deep love that the couple has for each other. They should know each other very well, including seemingly insignificant details and should be able to respond to each other’s needs even if help is not solicited. Gregory, on the other hand, burned severa l times from his previous romantic relationships, believe that sex complicates matters. He believes that relationships based on romantic love and physical attraction are worthless because it creates illusions that eventually end up disappointing people because they cannot keep up to the expectations of each other. Where the chief characters are on their relationship journey. The Whiteheads describe marriage both as an institution and as a journey. In the movie, marriage as an institution was not clearly agreed upon by the characters and was not depicted in such a way that it is a solid, immovable establishment. Instead, it would be more appropriate to describe the main characters’ marriage as a journey of friendship gone backwards. Theirs was founded on a deep friendship without the physical affection most man-woman relationships share even before marriage. Gregory claims that they are lucky to have reached their level of relationship to have skipped sexual tension and have g one straight to a meeting of minds and hearts. On the other hand, Rose thought differently. For her, the journey was just beginning and sexual intimacy is a necessary part of the journey towards the marital union, in the truest sense of the word. After they have cleared things with each other of what to expect from their marriage and are now looking at the same road and destination, they anticipate a smoother journey together with all the necessary ingredients to make their marriage stronger. The styles of communication & conflict used by the couples. It has always been known that communication is a key to successful relationships. In the movie, there were various communication styles that reflected the views of the characters. There were scenes wherein Gregory would voice out his passionate beliefs in his theories about a sexless relationship because it does not complicate matters and elevates the relationship to a higher level of respect, trust, admiration. Rose cannot put one wor d in. Because Rose was in love with Gregory, she tried to accept his beliefs, shunning aside her

Literature review on Leadership vision styles and change

Literature review on Leadership vision styles and change Introduction: The following review is divided into three sections and investigates Leadership and Management literature to provide an insight into:- Leadership and Vision. Leadership Styles. Leadership and Change. The literature has been researched from various sources explained in Table No 1 shown on the following page. SECTION 3.1 Leadership and Vision. Introduction, This section will show literature researched and reviewed to provide a discussion for:- Section 3.1.1. What is a Vision? Section 3.1.2. Why have a vision. Section 3.1.1. What is a Vision? Research has shown there considerable agreement that a vision is a projection of a future desired state. The dictionary states Vision is Unusual competence in discernment or perception; intelligent foresight. Levin {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} suggests that when you provide a vision you show an idea of what you would like to see happen in the future and show the possibilities of what could be achieved. Its effects should be inspiring, bold, future orientated but believable and achievable. It should be derived from what people desire i.e. to fore fill their own personal goals or to aim for what they value it is their ideals, goals, interest and desires. Also by defining a vision you answer the question of the stakeholders Whats in it for me Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} also states that a vision lets heart feel what the head is told and should be able to show you where you are going. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} supports these views and that a vision is an expression of where an organisation wants to go and how it intends to get there. Kotter cited by Hope, J. Bunce, P. (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} argues that a vision should be inspirational and emotional rather than rational and that when developing it expect it to be messy, ambiguous and encounter setbacks. It should also be flexible enough to accommodate small initiatives and changes as it progresses. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} states that a vision should show the promised land and inspire and exit people when they come to work. A note from Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} that visions if not deployed or understood correctly can become confused with other organisation terminology such as mission statements and strategies. Collins Parros (1996) {, 1996, Building Your Companys Vision} suggest that a vision can be broken down into two major components 1. A core ideology which is the glue for holding the vision together. 2. An envisioned future. These are then broken down again into parts such as core values, core purpose they also suggest a vision should show the future for the next 10-30 years Section 3.1.2. Why have a vision? Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery held the view that the leader must know what he himself wants. He must see his objective clearly and then strive to attain it; he must let everyone know what he wants and what are the basic fundamentals of his policies and that Every single soldier must know, before he goes into battle, how the little battle he is to fight fits into the larger picture, and how the success of his fighting will influence the battle as a whole. The whole army then goes into battle knowing what is wanted and how it is to be achieved. (Information supplied from Lancaster University course work Inspiring and Enthusing Others ) http://msc.manufacturinginstitute.co.uk/index.html. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} states that having a shared vision promotes motivation, meaning a direction and that a vision is vital to any great organisation. Research also found that a vision could help jumpstart and mobilise people to start progressing towards it and that it possess a potency adding a sense of purpose Nanus cited in Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} Collins Porras (1996) {, 1996, Building Your Companys Vision} provides evidence that organisations that hold a strong vision out performed the stock market by a factor of 12. Evidence provided through surveys states that having a vision aides the organisation and those who use one to empower others are more likely to be successful at managing change. by Larwood et al (1995) {, 1995, STRUCTURE AND MEANING OF ORGANIZATIONAL VISION} A vision also has a positive impact on employees performance and attitudes Kirkpatrick and Locke. (1996) to such an extent that it positively affected organisational-level performance measured by growth in sales, profit, employment and net worth. Baum, et al (1998). cited by Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} Stated in his eight steps to transforming your business shown in the table No2 below that step No 3 developing a vision is a vital part that should be completed as part of any change process and that you need to take time to get the team to establish it. Kotter also advises that you should use a vision as a tool to give direction. He states it should show clear intent Kotter cited by Hope, J. Bunce, P. (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} and believes it helps peoples decision making and strategy development. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} prescribes following the six phase steps shown below where he uses the hard and soft sides of management to build and implement a shared Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} also suggests that a vision can be used as a teaching tool as it gives direction and shows long term plans as well as being able to influence attitudes and behaviours. One noticeable quote when planning your vision implementation is one stated by Collins Parros. (1996) {, 1996, Building Your Companys Vision} A vision is never completed and when you think you have achieved it you should you should re-plan and replace it with another one. This is also supported by Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} who states that a vision should always be just beyond reach and therefore requires continuously refined The literature reviewed has provided strong evidence to why you should have a vision and communicate it. It is now the intention of the author to complete a review in the form of a questionnaire to see if his new department are aware of the organisation vision. Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc up to here Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc from here SECTION 3.2 Literature Review for Leadership Styles This section of the report researches the difference between a manager and a leader. The report then goes on to investigate the difference in transactional and transformational leadership styles. It does not consider democratic, autocratic, lassie faire or if you are an X or a Y on McGregors theory styles as the author believe through experience and past research understands that as a manager or leader you select the best style you can to suite the situation at hand. The author also notes that if you can master this ability you will naturally move up the LMX Member. Leadership scale as you will have mastered some emotional intelligence. This report supplies the foundation for understanding what style of manager / leaders are within the SMS dept. 3.2.1. Research regarding a manager or leader:- Zaleznik et al (1997) {, 1977, Managers and leaders: Are they different?} suggests that manager and leaders are different. That they are different type of people and have different personalities, suggesting that a manager: Maintain a balance of operations. Managers rationally select goals to pursue to achieve outputs. Is a problem solver. Select goals and allocate resource. Use their experiences to get what is required. Relate to people by the role they play and power they hold. Like to work with other and dislike working on their own. and that to be a manager it takes persistence, tough mindedness, hard work, intelligence, analytical ability, tolerance and good will. Kotter (2001) {, 2001, What Leaders Really Do} supports this and states that management is about coping with complexity and argues it brings order and consistency. Zaleznik et al (1997) {, 1977, Managers and leaders: Are they different?} suggests leaders:- Create new ways of completing task. Explore more. Need to use their inspirational skills to influence people. Have the capability to motivate people in different ways. Kotter (2001) {, 2001, What Leaders Really Do} suggests the same and quotes that leadership is about coping with change and aligning people with their goals and getting people to believe goals. Kotter (1990) {, 1990, A force for change: how leadership differs from management} in his article A Force for Change developed the following table to explain what he believed were the comparison of leadership and management. In short Kotter (2001) {, 2001, What Leaders Really Do} states that:- Management controls people by pushing them in the right direction. Leadership motivates them by satisfying basic human needs A view note from Zaleznik et al (1997) {, 1977, Managers and leaders: Are they different?} is that leaders are more prominent than managers in time of stress such as financial decline or wars as they are more entrepreneurial. Goleman, D. (2000) {, 2000, LEADERSHIP THAT GETS RESULTS} who also supports the view that leaders set strategy, motivate, create visions and build cultures. Also states that successful leaders have up to six styles shown in table No4 below and that they can use to complete their tasks and those leaders who perform best have mastered four of these styles namely: Authorities, Democratic, Affiliate, Coaching. Goleman, D. (2000) {, 2000, LEADERSHIP THAT GETS RESULTS} states that good leaders can match the appropriate style within seconds for the situation and circumstances to get the best from the follower. He also believed that by developing emotional intelligence you could learn to instinctively select the appropriate leadership style to gain the best from the situation. The author now intends to use a questionnaire for the team leaders in his new department to investigate to see which of the two styles they represent. From the results of the questionnaire the author should understand the team leaders manager or leader style so he can best us of it during a programme of change. 3.2.2. Transactional or Transformational Leaders:- To commence this section lets firstly look select a definition of leadership as written by Tannenbaurm, Weschief, Massarik, (1961) cited by Wofford Goodwin (1998) {, 1998, A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional} Leadership is Interpersonal influence exercised in situations and directed, through the communication process, towards the attainment of a specific goal or goals then research what style of leadership could achieve this. We could look at research stating:- McGregors Theory X Theory Y. Blake and Motons country club, Team Leader, Impoverish, Authoritarian leadership styles. Autocratic, Democratic, Lassie Faire styles Facilitating, Coaching, Delegating, Directing styles. But literature produced by B. Bass has captured the authors interest by suggesting that the transformational leader has the most effective style of leadership. cited by Wofford Goodwin (1998) {, 1998, A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional} B. Bass discusses the difference between a transactional and transformational leader Cited in Transactional revisited by Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} stating that the transformational leader can become the most appropriate style of leaderships as this type of leader has the knowledge and emotional intelligence to adapt and react to the situation or circumstances. This view is supported by Graem Uhl-Bien (1995) {, 1995 Summer, Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective} who suggest that the transformational leader provides the most effective type of Leader-Member Exchange. Suggesting that if performed correctly this can become a very influential and productive way of managing the role and managing the follower. Bernard Bass (1990) {, 1990, FROM TRANSACTIONAL TO TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP LEARNING TO SHARE THE VISION} defined the benefits provided from the two types of leadership styles as:- Transformational Leader. Gets his followers to look beyond their own self interest for the good of the group. Pay close attention to individual followers not just the group. Provides vision. Gains respect and trust. Uplift morale of their followers. Suggest new ways of solving problems. Can instil pride and commitment into his employees Show more maturity and better results on the leader member exchange (LMX ) surveys. Transactional Leader. Satisfies the self interest of a follower. Provides promises of recognition. Uses pay increases as reward. Uses personal advancement as reward. Penalises employees for not doing well. Disciplines employees for not doing well. Monitors deviation from standards. Bass (1990) {, 1990, FROM TRANSACTIONAL TO TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP LEARNING TO SHARE THE VISION} also states that the transformational leaders can make massive differences to an organisation effecting its health, well-being and performance. Wofford Goodwin (1994) cited in by Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} provide more benefits stating that there is a predictable result of behaviours and outcomes between leadership styles and that transformational leader have consistently shown the highest levels of good results. Graen and Uhl-Biens cited by Howell (1999) {, 1999, The ties that bind: The impact of Leader-Membership Exchange`, Transformational and Transactional Leadership`, and Distance on Predicting Followers Performance.} state that there is a higher positive leader-follower relationship and better performance from followers from the transformational leader. Mumford (2000) {, 2000, LEADERSHIP SKILLS: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS} endorses these benefits and also adds that because of the present day climate industries need to be more flexible as transformational leader have better capabilities to aide the organisation in adapting quickly in environments of change. Literature continues and states that these two differing styles of leadership work differently and relate differently with their followers. Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} states that transactional leaders need to have clear roles and responsibilities where transformational leader and followers dont. Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} developed the understanding that there is a distance relationship between the success of the transactional or transformational leader. This research suggests that a transformational leader needs to be closer to his followers to influence them and get the best from their potential and that this is not required from the transactional leader. He states it is due to the transformational leader needing to develop a feeling of trust with the followers and interact more directly when he guides them. He suggests this leader needs this closeness to provide the environment for close personal communications when inspiring, empowering, stimulating and motivating his followers So if there are such benefits to the transformational style of management then we should look for them or look to develop them. Bruce J. Avalio et al (1999) {, 1999, Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire} state that the best questionnaire to use for this research is the Multifunctional Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). If it is found that we only have transactional leaders then we know from the research completed by Bass (1990) that through training these can be developed into transformational leaders. Avolio et al (1999) {, 1999, Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire} suggests this could actually be more beneficial as he recognised that it is an actual part of the evolution of the transformational leader to have gone through a transactional leader stage. Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} supports this and argues that armed with the capabilities of both styles of leadership, the best leader is the one who can understand when to use the appropriate style to match the situation or circumstance. Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc to here Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc from here 3.2. 3. Leadership Model for change:- The final Section of the literature review is it to develop an understanding of a model for change. The author has not research tools used to implement change i.e. stakeholder analysis, Force Fields analysis, Readiness analysis and planning tools used to plan progress along a change implementation i.e. Master schedules, Project management tools etc. Although the author appreciates that these are part of the process and are used to aide change implementation. He has instead looked to define a model for change which he can use when venturing into and through any change programme he executes. This literature review found that there are a considerable number of models available to aid implement change. One of which is Kotter ( 2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} Eight Steps to Transform Your Organisation shown below. According to Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change if you fail to complete and plan these eight steps you will cause the change to fail. Steps:- Increase urgency Build the guiding team Get the vision right Communicate for buy-in Empowers action Create short-term wins Dont let up Make change stick He recommends keeping the steps simple and plan them before you execute them then you will have more chance of achieving your goal. Rosabeth Moss Kanter cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond budgeting Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} however described a five step process:- Communicating a compelling vision. Building a coalition. Transferring ownership to a working team. Learning to preserve. Making everyone a hero. From Kotters studies he argues that change fails because people are inexperienced and do not appreciating the process of change. According to Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} he has viewed many organisations who have failed at implementing change due to this even though they have been attempted under different named initiatives. This view is supported by Bernard Burnes (2003) {, 2003, Managing change and changing managers from ABC TO XYZ} who argues that we need to consider developing the people that execute the change as well as the steps of the change. This is also supported by Kanter who cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond Budgeting: Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} suggests that people need to change their behaviours to allow a change to happen. Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} emphasises that change goes through phases and should be seen as a long term challenge and not a short term fix. Kanter cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond Budgeting: Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} states that change should not be regarded as bold strokes but long marches. Zhongjun et al (2004) {, Dec 2004, An innovation process model for identifying manufacturing paradigms.} suggests that by identifying and challenging paradigms is a way of modelling your change. He argues that you can use this similar to using Lean Manufacturing techniques to identify your changes. Lean Manufacturing techniques are again another way to model you changes. Another view of modelling the change process is by gaining an understanding of what people go through when they are involved in change. Here suggested by William Bridges cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond budgeting Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} where he describe that people go through a three step process:- Ending When people let go of their old identity Neutral zone When old behaviours die out and people go dormant for a while. Beginning When people get a new out look and a new sense of purpose. Lewin cited by Bamford, D. Forrester, P. (2003) {, 2003, Managing planned and emergent change within an operations management environment.} suggests that people go through three stages of learning when within a change programme Freezing Clinging to what you know. Unfreezing Exploring ideas. Refreezing Identifying new skills and attitude with previously held ones. It is also noted that people go through other such effects when involved in change such as effects on their self esteem transitions of change, they resist change and they can become blockers or inhibit change which can to be used to model the change progress and progress. By completing this research the author has noted many different ways you can model change and different ways you can use these models to aide change. The author now intends to conduct a survey on the team leaders within the SMS dept to show how effective a model for change had been during a recent change programme in the dept. Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc to here

Rise of the Superpowers :: Superpowers International Affairs War Essays

Rise of the Superpowers It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world’s largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ‘five year plans’ to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt’s isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry’s capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to the point of concern to the USSR. Russian foreign policy was fundamentally Leninist in its concern to keep the USSR out of war. Stalin wanted to consolidate Communist power and modernise the country's industry. The Soviet Union was committed to collective action for peace, as long as that commitment did not mean that the Soviet Union would take a brunt of a Nazi attack as a result. Examples of this can be seen in the Soviet Unions’ attempts to achieve a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France. These treaties, however, were designed more to create security for the West, as opposed to keeping all three signatories from harm. At the same time, Stalin was attempting to

American Popular Culture: Trends and How They Affect

American Popular Culture soc/105 August, 22, 2013 In late 19th century America made two tempting and attractive promises; freedom and land (The Johns Hopkins University, 2002). These promises brought many immigrants with the hope of seeing their dreams realized. America today is a multicultural country provides shelter to thousands of immigrants with different cultural background. The Oxford Dictionary define culture as â€Å"the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively: 20 century popular culture† (â€Å"Culture,† 2013).The paper American popular culture attempted to emonstrate what popular culture is, three major trends founds in American popular culture, and how it affects personal decisions. In an anthropological sense, popular culture definition given by the authors of Common Culture: Reading and Writing about American Popular Culture, is â€Å"the shared knowledge and practices of a specific group at a specific timeâ⠂¬  (Petracca & Sorapure, 2007, p. 4). Popular culture represents everyday elements. Popular culture is linking to a specific time and place.For that reason may be popular culture may be transient, subject to any changes and also can e an in initiator of change (Petracca & Sorapure, 2007). Today, the United States is the chief manufacturer of popular culture goods. For this reason American pop culture is spread around the world through a varieties ot systems as newspapers, television programs, movies, fast foods, fashion, music, and other trends . There are numerous of trends. Three trends that seem to be those of major influences in American style life today are advertising, television, and technology.Those trends sometimes worked in our favor, but many people argued that they have been armful to the human life, especially those subjects relates with themes of economic and human personal interactions. Following an illustration of how those trends influences person's life. Laura wa nts to have some fun, so she decided to enroll in a tennis team. Laura knew that probably she will need to have some expenses, so she designed a budget for what she thought will be her cost to play tennis. Exciting she meets the others team's members but what happens was not expected.Her intention of fun turned into a very competitive, stressful, and expensive experience. Her idea of he expenses needs to include too, her team's expenses goals. Team's principal focus was to looks impeccable. Laura's first plan was to wear any sport clothes with an accessible price, but wait a moment, for the team presence comes first even when that imply high expenses. Meeting the team's demands Laura needs to buy the best racquet. Second, was â€Å"necessary' that she makes sure to buy brand new tennis' outfit from the Nike store, especially that outfit that Monica Puig wore at the Wimbledon tournament.To wear that cloth meant a tremendous suffering for Laura who was esperate because of her five ex tra pounds. She wanted to look as skinny as Monica does. Feeling overwarming for her five extra pounds, she decides to continue with her mission. Another important matter was not to forget accessories like the polarized sunglasses, Oakley's last edition, tennis hat, tennis shoes, and the socks. It is not necessary to mention that the accessories should combine with the Nike's outfit tennis, they must be the same color and brand, because remember â€Å"first dead than simple. Laura knows that her budget was out of control, but it was too late. The most important thing for her was that she was part of that â€Å"fantastic team. † This demonstration was to shown how advertising and some â€Å"rules of beauty' affected a person's decision- making. Advertising continually provokes an excessive consumerism. Roy Fox an America Journalist mentioned that people consume more than they produce (Petracca & Sorapure, 2007, p. 58). The advertising is not the only trend influencing Americ an popular culture; other major trend is the television.People are crazy to get into their homes and to fall into that recline able sofa with the TV control in hands. They barely talked to their children or their couple. Probably before watch the TV they will have more knowledge. For sure they will be aware about what is happening around the world, but their family relation is affects by that intruder that live with them. The technology is a main contributor for improvements in Jobs, academic studies, cyber-communications, and much more. However, technology has brought to our society many difficult situations as well.Some of the results of the advance technology are violence, pornography, psychological problems specially, in children who are constantly expose to violence video games, and lack of privacy. Sullivan (2006) said â€Å"the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked† (par. , 5) Today nobody knows if someone is watching or monitoring us. As demonstrated earlier, American popular culture has grown tremendously and with it, diversity, technological advances, better ways to communicate at long distance, medical advances, and so much more.Humans nas been under the control ot various predominant trends especially, those promoted by big Industries in the commercial fields. Societies are so into the new things that they are not paying attention to the cost of that way of living. People are unconsciously spending in things that they do not need, living by ridiculous standards of â€Å"beauty' having as a result young teenagers and adults with a bad mental and physical conditions. People need to be conscious and to make good uses of the advantages than has been given in this times, but do not forget to have precaution and to be alert of possible dangers.

How to Choose a Thesis Topic

How to Choose a Thesis Topic How to Choose a Thesis Topic Writing a thesis is an exciting part of your academic career. Not only is it an opportunity for you to display your mastery of the field, it’s also a chance to contribute to the knowledge of the topic in your discipline. Choosing your thesis topic is the first major step in your journey as a researcher. A well-chosen topic often leads to a study that is timely, relevant, and meaningful. Here are some tips to keep in mind when coming up with your thesis topic. Start with a broad idea When brainstorming on your thesis topic, start with a general idea of what you want to cover. Think of a particular topic in your field that interests you and best suits your field of study. Read on relevant literature Once you’ve selected a topic, collect articles relating to that topic. Read up on these articles and take notes. One expert note-taking process consists of: Creating a table with four columns. In the first column, write down all the main ideas relevant to the topic you chose. In the second column, list down all of the supporting ideas of each main idea. In the third column, list the original references or citations used by the article you are reading. In the last column, list your remarks or notes regarding the main idea. Determine gaps in all available literature While you’re going through articles of related literature, you may begin to notice topics that no other researcher has examined. A thesis paper is basically about â€Å"filling in the gaps of the literature† in your field. These gaps may include a certain group that has not been studied, or variables that may not have been previously considered. You can also find gaps in literature by reading the recommendation section of other research papers. Narrow down your topic Once you’ve determined possible gaps in the available literature of your chosen topic, decide which gaps you’d like to include in your own thesis topic. The topic you ultimately choose must possess the following qualities: It must be timely and address relevant issues that your field is currently facing. It is based on a logical rationale that is tied to an established theory. The variables are clearly stated. It must contribute to the existing body of knowledge available in your field. Choosing your thesis topic is only the first step of the journey. Writing your thesis can be a challenging journey, with many ups and downs throughout the process. Everything from the introduction to the conclusion of your paper must be well-written and grounded, producing a strong piece that is valuable to your chosen discipline. If you have made the first step in choosing your topic, but require assistance with writing your thesis, call . You can reach us at (647) 436-7280 for our Toronto and GTA location, (587) 880-4707 for our Calgary location, and (604) 245-5865 for our Vancouver location. You can also reach us toll-free at 1-800-573-0840.

Carters Paper

Carters Paper Carters Paper Carter Luedtke Mr. Bakker English 9 7 May 2013 Fighting: Not Always the Answer We all love to have fights, but sometimes it isn’t the answer especially when there are lives at stake. Romeo and Juliet shows a lot of examples of fighting that don’t end in very good terms. The fighting between the two families had a big effect because of course they lost several lives that could have been avoided. There are also many examples of this kind of conflict now a days with gangs all around the globe. The two families are basically a gang in a fantasy world so they could relate to the unnecessary fighting. Romeo and Juliet is relevant today because it shows fighting isn’t always the answer. In the story, all of the fighting between the two families was obviously a feud that happened in the past. The two families were probably once good friends, but something happened and they somehow couldn't let the past go. The fighting between the Capulets and Montagues lost 5 lives. Romeo, Juliet, Mercutio, Montagues Wife, and Pari s were all victims in this pointless fighting. a religious man Friar Laurence even said, â€Å"But come, young waverer, come, go with me, In one respect I'll thy assistant be; For this alliance may so happy prove, To turn your households' rancour to pure love.(2.3.9),† which basically means that even he thinks that the fighting is not the answer and they should be united. If they never had a feud in the first place, Romeo and Juliet didn't have to hide their love for eachother. Fighting in the story was in fact solved by the deaths, but the deaths are still more extraordinary than the feud. The Prince even told the two families about their actions and how the life of their relatives are more important. The Prince said, â€Å"Where be these enemies? Capulet! Montague!See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate,That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love.And I for winking at your discords too Have lost a brace of kinsmen: all are punished.† (5.3.291). The famili es even got punished for their actions which is very much like todays system with gangs and other types of family clans. Gangs now a days are more than likely to get punished for whatever they do that is troublesome. Like in Romeo and Juliet you could argue that the families are the cause of death of Romeo, Juliet. Paris, Montagues Wife, and Benvolio. When you get thrown in jail for fighting, is the

Traning Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traning Methods - Assignment Example I will discuss four methods of training in this essay, namely, apprenticeship, simulation, role playing and in-basket method. The apprenticeship training provides workers with comprehensive training both on and off the job in the practical and theoretical aspects of the work required in a highly skilled occupation. A typical apprenticeship program usually requires two years of on-the-job experience and about 180 hours of classroom instruction but this varies depending of the job requirements. Like other on-the-job training methods, its main objective is the development of the skills of the employee. An advantage of this method is that the employee does not have to make major adjustments at work unlike off-the-job trainings. The disadvantage is that employees sometimes find this method stressful because of the fear of damaging an equipment or having large amounts of wastage; thus, resulting to a hindrance to his learning process. Another method of training is the simulation method. Th is method is used for jobs which require operating equipments which are dangerous or too expensive such as the job of a pilot. In this case, simulators of the equipment are designed and set up away from the actual work situation. The advantage of this training method is that the job hazards are removed and opportunities for repeated practice can be done without being too costly for the company.

Nursing research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nursing research - Assignment Example Some of the resources that have been of critical help in nursing research include the Virginia Henderson Global Nursing e-Repository. This repository offers nurses interested in research access to numerous articles and publications which can be used in evidence based-practice for free. The purpose of setting up this site was to present nurses with a repository that can help them improve their practice as well as patient care. In addition, there is a book titled ‘The Nurse’s Grant Writing Advantage’ which enlightens nurses interested in research on how to request for grants or sponsors who can fund their research. The page also presents Johns Hopkins Nursing evidence-based practice: Model and Guidelines Second Edition and Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Implementation and Translation. These books were developed by nurses working in the Johns Hopkins hospital and serve as reliable resources when nurses are seeking advice on how to implement evidence-b ased practice. Other books include ‘Evidence Based Design for Healthcare Facilities’ and ‘The International Textbook of Reflective Practice in Nursing’. These books offer nurses with reliable knowledge that can help them in nursing research. The final book presented on the site is titled, ‘Interpretive Phenomenology in Health Care Research’ which is also a critical source in health care research (Bowers-Lanier, 2012). Evidently, STTI forms partnerships with Global nurse leaders in a bid to develop a voice and a vision for the future in a platform named Global Advisory Panel on the Future of Nursing

Visual analysis on Hadrian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual analysis on Hadrian - Essay Example Prior to the analysis of the craftsmanship that constitutes the foundation of the bust carving, it may appear essential to recall via historical context, that Hadrian is widely known as one of the five good emperors who made tremendous impact on establishing the Pax Romana – the age of abundant peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire. Examining the image of the bust, one necessarily considers in critical thought that the carving technique must have been conducted in a manner that reflects such perspective especially in the order, symmetry, and projection of the head and facial characteristics. In the absence of its body, the marble from the Greek island of Thasos was constructed to possess a volume that exudes prominence, poise, authority, and general dignified look typical of a Roman emperor. As conjectured by the smooth curves, the bust sculptor may be claimed to have attempted a most refined approach in carving the cheek and lip areas to balance with the furrowed brows wh ich occur to be a sharp contrast to the smoothness of front surface and edge contour. These details manifest how Hadrian could have been viewed by his subjects as an emperor with the traits of gentle wisdom and fierce heroic character in order to address the demands of his civilization at the

The Changing Global Economy Essay Example for Free

The Changing Global Economy Essay The argument for globalisation is an argument for International trade. Classical liberal economists have always argued for the free movement of all factors of production. Adam Smith had declared that nations have absolute advantaged that they leverage to provide cheaper and more efficient production processes. David Ricardo argues in his theory of Comparative advantages that countries must utilize their relatively more abundant factors of production more intensively to produce higher levels of output. All this results in higher output and therefore the world stands to gain through increased trade. Factor mobility leads to stabilization of prices that result from goods and services moving from one place to another where the factor is scarce and fetches higher returns. Those who are against globalisation and trade base their debates on the infant industry argument which believes that small domestic players get adversely affected when large foreign firms compete. The other argument they make is that that imports cause shifts of production where firms locate to foreign lands and cause unemployment. It is also believed that globalisation leads to the dumping of poor quality or toxic goods across the border. Reliance on imports leads to dependence, and exports cause injury to locally available resources that get diverted to foreign markets. Globalisation is also seen as a phenomenon where the free flow of money and currency makes domestic economies extremely vulnerable to volatile foreign investments. This could lead countries to balance of payment difficulties and cause events such as the East Asian crisis in the mid nineties. What results is a situation where any minor turbulence in large economies like the US causes severe stress to developing and under developed economies. 2. Huntington and the clash of civilizations Huntington’s famous hypothesis states that in the modern world, the clash of ideologies will convert into a clash of cultures. He argues that the new world order will see greater examples of conflict between various cultures of the world. His thesis is seen as a justification of the US war against Islamic nations and its aggression against countries like China. These clashes would come from a conflict that emanates whenever differing cultural paradigms come into contact with each other and compete for global resources. The end of the cold war, according to Huntington, is the end of conflict based on ideology, where the capitalist and the communist bloc were engaged in war. This conflict ended with the collapse of the USSR and the coming down of the Berlin Wall. Today, the emerging economies of the world are growing fast and eroding the huge share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the world that is now held by the western countries. These new and emerging economies are home to most of the cultures of the world that are all opposed to the dominant western thought. This opposition would give rise to global conflict. This is the conflict that Huntingdon terms as the Clash of civilizations that emerges in a world that is globalising at a fast pace. This globalisation is bringing together people from various cultures and this would manifest in a battle for domination. This then would cause conflicts among cultures. Huntington’s hypothesis has been debated endlessly and there are as many voices supporting the argument as there are that characterise Huntington’s theory as mischievous. 3. Institutional arrangements For a free economy, there are certain pre conditions that must be met. These are the protection of property rights, honoring of contracts, law and order and a competitive environment. These pre conditions are met when these are institutionalized. These institutions then enable markets in any state and cause efficiency in market transactions and therefore result in growth. Some of these institutions are put in place by the government by way of regulatory bodies and police forces. Some of these institutions are created simultaneously by a society as it evolves. Markets function best when free and perfect information is available to all players. Competition in an economy comes out of the lack of barriers to entry and exit from the market. Laws and policies that enable such an environment are all referred to as institutional arrangements. In most markets there is asymmetry of information and a differentiated access to factors of production. Such a situation prevents an economy from operating at full potential. Those states that ensure the existence of such institutions are the ones where economic growth takes place to its full extent. Weak institutional arrangements favor some players in a market and adversely affect the rest. Market based solutions to such problems are usually the most sustainable and efficient mechanisms. This gives rise to poor governance structures and cause imperfection. It is not always the state that brings about these institutions. Sometimes institutional arrangements evolve and take firm roots in markets. Such informal institutional arrangements provide players with an eco system that enables innovation and growth. 4. Shifts in the world economy The two factors that clearly set apart the last 25 years of economic growth in the world are the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fast paced changes in technology. Both these events have lead to a globalised world where trade has more than quadrupled. Technological changes, especially the strides made in communication technology and transportation have enabled the world to shrink and become a global village. Transactions are now possible at lightning speeds, at the click of a mouse, between two entities situated in different corners of the globe. What has also been seen is the spurt in trade in services, and such was not the case with the world earlier where all trade was for goods. Free trade has improved the chances of poor countries to enter new business internationally, and allow their firms to buy and sell various commodities and services. Domestic rules and standards become significant and issues such as restrictions on imports, exports, tariffs and duties become significant. (Ohmae, 1999). In all this the new entity that has emerged is that of the Multi National Corporation. MNCs today typically operate in several countries, where the source of raw material is one nation; production takes place in a second country, assembly and packaging in a third and sales in a fourth. This has enabled firms to grow in size and shape and allow economies of scale to reduce costs of production and therefore prices. Most nations in the last 25 years have made currencies convertible and have ensured that internationally agreeable norms and polices are put in place. A large credit for this goes to the World Trade Organisation that has put in place a multi lateral agreement that allows for free trade between members. The MNC has leveraged these changes to emerge as a significant player in world economics. References: 1. Clarke, G.and S. Wallsten, (2004), â€Å"Has the Internet Increased Trade? : Evidence from Industrial and Developing Countries†, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3215. 2. Edwards, S. (1989a), Openness, Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance in Developing Countries, Working Paper No. 2908, NBER, Cambridge Mass. 3. North, D. (1990), â€Å"Institutions Institutional Change and Economic Performance† Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4. Ohmae, K. (1999) ‘The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy’. New York: Harper Business.

macbeth as a tragic hero :: essays research papers

Macbeth as a tragic hero The character Macbeth is a classic example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. There are many factors that contribute to the degeneration of Macbeth of which three will be discussed. The three points, which contribute greatly to Macbeth's degeneration are the prophecies, which were told to him by the weird sisters, how Lady Macbeth influenced and manipulated Macbeth's judgment, and finally Macbeth's long time ambition, which drove his desire to be king. Macbeth's growing character degenerate from a noble man to a violent individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prophecies, which were told by the weird sisters, were one of the factors, which contributed to the decline of his strong character. It is believed that if the predictions hadn't been made about Macbeth becoming Thane of Cawdor, and an eventual king, he would still be focused on his career as a warrior. Greed and power drive humans to change themselves, when it is not needed. As a result of the prophecies, Macbeth's curiosity was aroused, and he know was driven to become King of Scotland. As the play progresses, Macbeth slowly relies on the witches prophecies. Shakespeare uses the witches as a remedy for Macbeth's curiosity, which corrupts his character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The influences of Macbeth's wife, Lady Macbeth, also contributed to his descend of character. Lady Macbeth's character in the beginning reveals that she is a lovable person. When Lady Macbeth was ready to kill King Duncan, she couldn't follow through with it because Duncan reminded her of her father. This example proves that lady Macbeth was not such a bad person. Lady Macbeth played an important role in this play because she provided a scheme, which caused Macbeth to murder Duncan himself. Afterwards, he later regretted his wrongdoing. During this point in the play, the climax, the audience can note the change in Macbeth's character. Macbeth's first murder was a trying experience for him, however after the first murder, killing seemed, to him, the only solution to maintain his eventual reign of Scotland. Therefore, saying that Lady Macbeth was the person who introduced a sin to Macbeth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth's ambition also influenced his decline of character. However, Macbeth's ambition wasn't strong enough to carry the motive to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth's influence also comes into play because if it weren't for her, he wouldn't have been driven to do anything it took to be an eventual king.